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Chapter 42

Sunan Abu Dawud — Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)

Read the narrations, translations and available source grading.

All Chapters
1
Purification (Kitab Al-Taharah)
كتاب الطهارة
2
Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat)
كتاب الصلاة
3
The Book Of The Prayer For Rain (Kitab al-Istisqa')
كتاب الاستسقاء
4
Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat): Detailed Rules of Law about the Prayer during Journey
كتاب صلاة السفر
5
Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat): Voluntary Prayers
كتاب التطوع
6
Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat): Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan
كتاب شهر رمضان
7
Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat): Prostration while reciting the Qur'an
كتاب سجود القرآن
8
Prayer (Kitab Al-Salat): Detailed Injunctions about Witr
كتاب الوتر
9
Zakat (Kitab Al-Zakat)
كتاب الزكاة
10
The Book of Lost and Found Items
كتاب اللقطة
11
The Rites of Hajj (Kitab Al-Manasik Wa'l-Hajj)
كتاب المناسك
12
Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah)
كتاب النكاح
13
Divorce (Kitab Al-Talaq)
كتاب الطلاق
14
Fasting (Kitab Al-Siyam)
كتاب الصوم
15
Jihad (Kitab Al-Jihad)
كتاب الجهاد
16
Sacrifice (Kitab Al-Dahaya)
كتاب الضحايا
17
Game (Kitab Al-Said)
كتاب الصيد
18
Wills (Kitab Al-Wasaya)
كتاب الوصايا
19
Shares of Inheritance (Kitab Al-Fara'id)
كتاب الفرائض
20
Tribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai' Wal-Imarah)
كتاب الخراج والإمارة والفىء
21
Funerals (Kitab Al-Jana'iz)
كتاب الجنائز
22
Oaths and Vows (Kitab Al-Aiman Wa Al-Nudhur)
كتاب الأيمان والنذور
23
Commercial Transactions (Kitab Al-Buyu)
كتاب البيوع
24
Wages (Kitab Al-Ijarah)
كتاب الإجارة
25
The Office of the Judge (Kitab Al-Aqdiyah)
كتاب الأقضية
26
Knowledge (Kitab Al-Ilm)
كتاب العلم
27
Drinks (Kitab Al-Ashribah)
كتاب الأشربة
28
Foods (Kitab Al-At'imah)
كتاب الأطعمة
29
Medicine (Kitab Al-Tibb)
كتاب الطب
30
Divination and Omens (Kitab Al-Kahanah Wa Al-Tatayyur)
كتاب الكهانة و التطير
31
The Book of Manumission of Slaves
كتاب العتق
32
Dialects and Readings of the Qur'an (Kitab Al-Huruf Wa Al-Qira'at)
كتاب الحروف والقراءات
33
Hot Baths (Kitab Al-Hammam)
كتاب الحمَّام
34
Clothing (Kitab Al-Libas)
كتاب اللباس
35
Combing the Hair (Kitab Al-Tarajjul)
كتاب الترجل
36
Signet-Rings (Kitab Al-Khatam)
كتاب الخاتم
37
Trials and Fierce Battles (Kitab Al-Fitan Wa Al-Malahim)
كتاب الفتن والملاحم
38
The Promised Deliverer (Kitab Al-Mahdi)
كتاب المهدى
39
Battles (Kitab Al-Malahim)
كتاب الملاحم
40
Prescribed Punishments (Kitab Al-Hudud)
كتاب الحدود
41
Types of Blood-Wit (Kitab Al-Diyat)
كتاب الديات
42
Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)
كتاب السنة
43
General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)
كتاب الأدب

What is Sunan Abu Dawud Chapter 42 about?

Read Sunan Abu Dawud, Chapter 42: Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah). This chapter contains 177 source records. Open a narration to see its permanent reference, available translations and source information.

Topics in the narrations on this page

  • Explanation of the Sunnah
  • Prohibition Of Controversy And Of Following The Allergorical Verses In the Qur'an
  • Keeping Away From Heretics And Hating Them
  • The Abandonment Of Saluting The Heretics
  • Prohibition Of Controversy About The Qur'an

Collection history and compiler biographySources and methodology

حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ خَالِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ افْتَرَقَتْ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى إِحْدَى أَوْ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَفَرَّقَتِ النَّصَارَى عَلَى إِحْدَى أَوْ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَفْتَرِقُ أُمَّتِي عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ فِرْقَةً .

The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: The Jews were split up into seventy-one or seventy-two sects; and the Christians were split up into seventy one or seventy-two sects; and my community will be split up into seventy-three sects.

— Narrated Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ عنہ

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ. ح وحَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ نَحْوَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي أَزْهَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَازِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْهَوْزَنِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ قَامَ فِينَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَلَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ فِينَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَلَا إِنَّ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ افْتَرَقُوا عَلَى ثِنْتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ مِلَّةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمِلَّةَ سَتَفْتَرِقُ عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ:‏‏‏‏ ثِنْتَانِ وَسَبْعُونَ فِي النَّارِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَوَاحِدَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَهِيَ الْجَمَاعَةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏زَادَ ابْنُ يَحْيَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَعَمْرٌو فِي حَدِيثَيْهِمَا:‏‏‏‏ وَإِنَّهُ سَيَخْرُجُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أَقْوَامٌ تَجَارَى بِهِمْ تِلْكَ الْأَهْوَاءُ كَمَا يَتَجَارَى الْكَلْبُ لِصَاحِبِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ عَمْرٌو:‏‏‏‏ الْكَلْبُ بِصَاحِبِهِ لَا يَبْقَى مِنْهُ عِرْقٌ وَلَا مَفْصِلٌ إِلَّا دَخَلَهُ .

Muawiyah رضی اللہ عنہ stood among us and said: Beware! The Messenger of ALLA H صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم stood among us and said: Beware! The people of the Book before were split up into seventy-two sects, and this community will be split into seventy three: seventy-two of them will go to Hell and one of them will go to Paradise, and it is the majority group. Ibn Yahya and Amr added in their version: “ There will appear among my community people who will be dominated by desires like rabies which penetrates its patient”, Amr’s version has: “penetrates its patient. There remains no vein and no joint but it penetrates it. ”

— Abu Amir al-Hawdhani said

حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّسْتُرِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَائِشَةَرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ:‏‏‏‏ هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُحْكَمَاتٌ إِلَى أُولُو الأَلْبَابِ [سورة آل عمران آية 7]، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ فَأُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ سَمَّى اللَّهُ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ .

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم recited this verse: “He it is who has sent down to thee the Book: in it are verses basic or fundamental. . . . ” Up to “men of understanding”. She said: The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم then said: When you see those people who follow that which is allegorical in the Quran, those are the people whom Allah has named (in the Quran). So avoid them.

— Aishah رضی اللہ عنہا said

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ رَجُلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ أَفْضَلُ الْأَعْمَالِ الْحُبُّ فِي اللَّهِ وَالْبُغْضُ فِي اللَّهِ .

The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: The best of the actions is to love for the sake of Allah and to hate for the sake of Allah.

— Narrated Abu Dharr رضی اللہ عنہ

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ السَّرْحِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَكَانَ قَائِدَ كَعْبٍ مِنْ بَنِيهِ حِينَ عَمِيَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ السَّرْحِ قِصَّةَ تَخَلُّفِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ كَلَامِنَا أَيُّهَا الثَّلَاثَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَتَّى إِذَا طَالَ عَلَيَّ تَسَوَّرْتُ جِدَارَ حَائِطِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا رَدَّ عَلَيَّ السَّلَامَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَاقَ خَبَرَ تَنْزِيلِ تَوْبَتِهِ .

Abdullah bin Kab bin Malik who used to lead his father from among his sons when he became blind, said: I heard Kaab bin Malik say: The transmitter Ibn al-sarh then narrated the story of his remaining behind from the prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم forbade the Muslims to speak to any of us three. When ( in this state) abundant time passed on me, I ascended the wall of the garden of Abu Qatadah who was my cousin. I saluted him, but, I swear by Allah, he did not return salute to me. He then narrated the story of the revelation of the Quranic verses relating to his repentance.

— Narrator Abdullah bin Kab

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَدِمْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِي وَقَدْ تَشَقَّقَتْ يَدَايَ فَخَلَّقُونِي بِزَعْفَرَانٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَغَدَوْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ اذْهَبْ فَاغْسِلْ هَذَا عَنْكَ .

I came to my family when my hands had cracks. They dyed me with saffron. I then went to Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and saluted him, but he did not return me salutation. He said: Go and wash it away from you.

— Ammar bin Yasir رضی اللہ عنہما said

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سُمَيَّةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهُ اعْتَلَّ بَعِيرٌ لِصَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيٍّ وَعِنْدَ زَيْنَبَ فَضْلُ ظَهْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِزَيْنَبَ:‏‏‏‏ أَعْطِيهَا بَعِيرًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ أَنَا أُعْطِي تِلْكَ الْيَهُودِيَّةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَهَجَرَهَا ذَا الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمَ وَبَعْضَ صَفَرٍ .

The camel of Safiyyah رضی اللہ عنہا daughter of Huyayy was fatigued, and Zainab رضی اللہ عنہا had a surplus mount. The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said to Zainab: Give her the camel. She said: Should I give to that Jewess? Thereupon the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم became angry and kept away from her during Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and a part of Safar.

— Aishah رضی اللہ عنہا said

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ هَارُونَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ الْمِرَاءُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ كُفْرٌ .

The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Controverting about the Quran is disbelief.

— Narrated Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ عنہ

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ كَثِيرِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوْفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَلَا يُوشِكُ رَجُلٌ شَبْعَانُ عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ عَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا الْقُرْآنِ فَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ حَلَالٍ فَأَحِلُّوهُ وَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَحَرِّمُوهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَلَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ لَحْمُ الْحِمَارِ الْأَهْلِيِّ وَلَا كُلُّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السَّبُعِ وَلَا لُقَطَةُ مُعَاهِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِلَّا أَنْ يَسْتَغْنِيَ عَنْهَا صَاحِبُهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمَنْ نَزَلَ بِقَوْمٍ فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْرُوهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْرُوهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُعْقِبَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ قِرَاهُ .

The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Beware! I have been given the Quran and something like it, yet the time is coming when a man replete on his couch will say: Keep to the Quran; what you find in it to be permissible treat as permissible, and what you find in it to be prohibited treat as prohibited. Beware! The domestic ass, beasts of prey with fangs, a find belonging to confederate, unless its owner does not want it, are not permissible to you If anyone comes to some people, they must entertain him, but if they do not, he has a right to mulct them to an amount equivalent to his entertainment.

— Narrated Al-Miqdam bin yakarib رضی اللہ عنہ

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَا أُلْفِيَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَأْتِيهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مِمَّا أَمَرْتُ بِهِ أَوْ نَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَيَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ لَا نَدْرِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏مَا وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ .

The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: Let me not find one of you reclining on his couch when he hears something regarding me which I have commanded or forbidden and saying: We do not know. What we found in Allah's Book we have followed.

— Narrated Abu Rafi رضی اللہ عنہ

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ الْبَزَّازُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ. ح وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَخْرَمِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ ابْنُ عِيسَى:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ مَنْ صَنَعَ أَمْرًا عَلَى غَيْرِ أَمْرِنَا فَهُوَ رَدٌّ.

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as saying: if any one introduces into this affair of ours anything which does not belong to it, it is rejected. Ibn Isa said: the prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم said: if anyone practices any action in away other than our practice, it is rejected.

— Aishah رضی اللہ عنہا reported

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ثَوْرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَ نِيعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو السُّلَمِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَحُجْرُ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ أَتَيْنَا الْعِرْبَاضَ بْنَ سَارِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ:‏‏‏‏ وَلا عَلَى الَّذِينَ إِذَا مَا أَتَوْكَ لِتَحْمِلَهُمْ قُلْتَ لا أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ [سورة التوبة آية 92]، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَسَلَّمْنَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقُلْنَا:‏‏‏‏ أَتَيْنَاكَ زَائِرِينَ وَعَائِدِينَ وَمُقْتَبِسِينَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ الْعِرْبَاضُ صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا فَوَعَظَنَا مَوْعِظَةً بَلِيغَةً ذَرَفَتْ مِنْهَا الْعُيُونُ وَوَجِلَتْ مِنْهَا الْقُلُوبُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَأَنَّ هَذِهِ مَوْعِظَةُ مُوَدِّعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَمَاذَا تَعْهَدُ إِلَيْنَا ؟ فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنْ عَبْدًا حَبَشِيًّا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَعِشْ مِنْكُمْ بَعْدِي فَسَيَرَى اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِسُنَّتِي وَسُنَّةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ الرَّاشِدِينَ تَمَسَّكُوا بِهَا وَعَضُّوا عَلَيْهَا بِالنَّوَاجِذِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحْدَثَاتِ الْأُمُورِ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مُحْدَثَةٍ بِدْعَةٌ وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ .

We came to Irbad bin Sariyah رضی اللہ عنہ who was among those about whom the following verse was revealed: Nor (is there blame) on those who come to thee to be provided with mounts, and when thou saidst: I can find no mounts for you. We greeted him and said: We have come to see you to give healing and obtain benefit from you. Al-Irbad رضی اللہ عنہ said: One day the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم led us in prayer, then faced us and gave us a lengthy exhortation at which the eyes shed tears and the hearts were afraid. A man said: Messenger of Allah! It seems as if it were a farewell exhortation, so what injunction do you give us? He then said: I enjoin you to fear Allah, and to hear and obey even if it be an Abyssinian slave, for those of you who live after me will see great disagreement. You must then follow my sunnah and that of the rightly-guided caliphs. Hold to it and stick fast to it. Avoid novelties, for every novelty is an innovation, and every innovation is an error.

— Narrated Abdur Rahman ibn Amr as-Sulami and Hujr ibn Hujr said

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَتِيقٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَلَا هَلَكَ الْمُتَنَطِّعُونَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ .

The Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as saying: Beware! The extremists perished, saying it three times.

— Abdullah bin Masud رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل يَعْنِي ابْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي الْعَلَاءُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ لَا يَنْقُصُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمَنْ دَعَا إِلَى ضَلَالَةٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ مِثْلُ آثَامِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ لَا يَنْقُصُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ آثَامِهِمْ شَيْئًا .

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as saying: If anyone summons other to follow right guidance, his reward will be equivalent to that of the people who follow him, without their rewards being diminished in any respect on that account; and if anyone summons others to follow error the sin of which sins being diminished in any respect on that account.

— Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّ أَعْظَمَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ جُرْمًا مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ أَمْرٍ لَمْ يُحَرَّمْ فَحُرِّمَ عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَسْأَلَتِهِ .

The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم as saying: The Muslim who offends most against the Muslims is he who enquires about something which has not been forbidden to men, and it is declared forbidden because of his enquiry.

— Amir bin Sa'd رضی اللہ عنہ on his father’s authority reported

حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ أَبَا إِدْرِيسَ الْخَوْلَانِيَّ عَائِذَ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرَةَ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كَانَ لَا يَجْلِسُ مَجْلِسًا لِلذِّكْرِ حِينَ يَجْلِسُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِلَّا قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ اللَّهُ حَكَمٌ قِسْطٌ هَلَكَ الْمُرْتَابُونَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ يَوْمًا إِنَّ مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ فِتَنًا يَكْثُرُ فِيهَا الْمَالُ وَيُفْتَحُ فِيهَا الْقُرْآنُ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَهُ الْمُؤْمِنُ وَالْمُنَافِقُ وَالرَّجُلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ وَالصَّغِيرُ وَالْكَبِيرُ وَالْعَبْدُ وَالْحُرُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَيُوشِكُ قَائِلٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ:‏‏‏‏ مَا لِلنَّاسِ لَا يَتَّبِعُونِي وَقَدْ قَرَأْتُ الْقُرْآنَ مَا هُمْ بِمُتَّبِعِيَّ حَتَّى أَبْتَدِعَ لَهُمْ غَيْرَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمَا ابْتُدِعَ فَإِنَّ مَا ابْتُدِعَ ضَلَالَةٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأُحَذِّرُكُمْ زَيْغَةَ الْحَكِيمِ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ يَقُولُ كَلِمَةَ الضَّلَالَةِ عَلَى لِسَانِ الْحَكِيمِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَدْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُ كَلِمَةَ الْحَقِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قُلْتُ لِمُعَاذٍ:‏‏‏‏ مَا يُدْرِينِي رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ ؟ أَنَّ الْحَكِيمَ قَدْ يَقُولُ كَلِمَةَ الضَّلَالَةِ وَأَنَّ الْمُنَافِقَ قَدْ يَقُولُ كَلِمَةَ الْحَقِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ بَلَى اجْتَنِبْ مِنْ كَلَامِ الْحَكِيمِ الْمُشْتَهِرَاتِ الَّتِي يُقَالُ لَهَا مَا هَذِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَا يُثْنِيَنَّكَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَلَقَّ الْحَقَّ إِذَا سَمِعْتَهُ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْحَقِّ نُورًا ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ:‏‏‏‏ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ:‏‏‏‏ وَلَا يُنْئِيَنَّكَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ يُثْنِيَنَّكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وقَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ:‏‏‏‏ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي هَذَا:‏‏‏‏ الْمُشَبِّهَاتِ مَكَانَ الْمُشْتَهِرَاتِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَا يُثْنِيَنَّكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كَمَا قَالَ عُقَيْلٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاق، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ بَلَى مَا تَشَابَهَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْحَكِيمِ حَتَّى تَقُولَ مَا أَرَادَ بِهَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةِ.

Whenever he (Muadh bin Jabal رضی اللہ عنہ) sat in a meeting for preaching, he would say: Allah is a just arbiter; those who doubt would perish. One day Muadh bin Jabal رضی اللہ عنہ said: In the times after you there would be trails in which riches would be abundant. During these trails the Quran would be easy so much so that every believer, hypocrite, man, woman, young, grown up, slave and free man will learn it. Then a man might say: What happened with the people that they do not follow me while I read the Quran? They are not going to follow me until I introduce a novelty for them other than it. So avoid that which is innovated (in religion), for whichever is innovated is an error. I warn you of the deviation of a scholar from right guidance, for sometimes Satan utters a word of error through the tongue of a scholar; and sometimes a hypocrites may speak a word of truth. I said to Muadh bin Jabal: I am at a loss to understand may Allah have mercy on you that a learned man sometimes may speak a word of error and a hypocrite may speak a word of truth. He replied: Yes, avoid the speech of a learned man on distract you from him (the learned), for it is possible that he may withdraw (from these well-known things), and you get the truth when you hear it, for truth has light. Abu Dawud said: In this tradition Mamar on the authority of al-Zuhrl said: The words “wa la yun iyannaka” instead of “wa la yuthniyannaka, ” with the same meaning: “it may not distract you” salih bin Kaisan on the authority of al-Zurhrl said in this tradition the words “al-mushtaharat” (well-know things). He also said the word “La yuthniyannaka” as ‘Uqail mentioned. Ibn ishaq, on the authority of al-Zuhri, said: Yes, if you are doubtful about the speech of a scholar until you say: WHAT did he mean by this word?

— Yazid bin Umairah, who was one of the companions of Muadh bin Jabal رضی اللہ عنہ said

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْقَدَرِ. ح وحَدَّثَنَاالرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ دُلَيْلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّيُحَدِّثُنَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّضْرِ. ح وحَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو رَجَاءٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَهَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ كَثِيرٍ وَمَعْنَاهُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْقَدَرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَتَبَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ أُوصِيكَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَالِاقْتِصَادِ فِي أَمْرِهِ وَاتِّبَاعِ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَرْكِ مَا أَحْدَثَ الْمُحْدِثُونَ بَعْدَ مَا جَرَتْ بِهِ سُنَّتُهُ وَكُفُوا مُؤْنَتَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَعَلَيْكَ بِلُزُومِ السُّنَّةِ فَإِنَّهَا لَكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عِصْمَةٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْتَدِعِ النَّاسُ بِدْعَةً إِلَّا قَدْ مَضَى قَبْلَهَا مَا هُوَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ عِبْرَةٌ فِيهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِنَّ السُّنَّةَ إِنَّمَا سَنَّهَا مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمَ مَا فِي خِلَافِهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَمْ يَقُلِ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ:‏‏‏‏ مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمَ مِنَ الْخَطَإِ وَالزَّلَلِ وَالْحُمْقِ وَالتَّعَمُّقِ فَارْضَ لِنَفْسِكَ مَا رَضِيَ بِهِ الْقَوْمُ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِنَّهُمْ عَلَى عِلْمٍ وَقَفُوا وَبِبَصَرٍ نَافِذٍ كَفُّوا وَهُمْ عَلَى كَشْفِ الْأُمُورِ كَانُوا أَقْوَى وَبِفَضْلِ مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ أَوْلَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِنْ كَانَ الْهُدَى مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ لَقَدْ سَبَقْتُمُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ وَلَئِنْ قُلْتُمْ إِنَّمَا حَدَثَ بَعْدَهُمْ مَا أَحْدَثَهُ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّبَعَ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَرَغِبَ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ هُمُ السَّابِقُونَ فَقَدْ تَكَلَّمُوا فِيهِ بِمَا يَكْفِي وَوَصَفُوا مِنْهُ مَا يَشْفِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَمَا دُونَهُمْ مِنْ مَقْصَرٍ وَمَا فَوْقَهُمْ مِنْ مَحْسَرٍ وَقَدْ قَصَّرَ قَوْمٌ دُونَهُمْ فَجَفَوْا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَطَمَحَ عَنْهُمْ أَقْوَامٌ فَغَلَوْا وَإِنَّهُمْ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ لَعَلَى هُدًى مُسْتَقِيمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كَتَبْتَ تَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْإِقْرَارِ بِالْقَدَرِ فَعَلَى الْخَبِيرِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَعْتَ مَا أَعْلَمُ مَا أَحْدَثَ النَّاسُ مِنْ مُحْدَثَةٍ وَلَا ابْتَدَعُوا مِنْ بِدْعَةٍ هِيَ أَبْيَنُ أَثَرًا وَلَا أَثْبَتُ أَمْرًا مِنَ الْإِقْرَارِ بِالْقَدَرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏لَقَدْ كَانَ ذَكَرَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْجُهَلَاءُ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِهِ فِي كَلَامِهِمْ وَفِي شِعْرِهِمْ يُعَزُّونَ بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ عَلَى مَا فَاتَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ الْإِسْلَامُ بَعْدُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَيْرِ حَدِيثٍ وَلَا حَدِيثَيْنِ وَقَدْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَتَكَلَّمُوا بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَبَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ يَقِينًا وَتَسْلِيمًا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَتَضْعِيفًا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يُحِطْ بِهِ عِلْمُهُ وَلَمْ يُحْصِهِ كِتَابُهُ وَلَمْ يَمْضِ فِيهِ قَدَرُهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنَّهُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ لَفِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ مِنْهُ اقْتَبَسُوهُ وَمِنْهُ تَعَلَّمُوهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَئِنْ قُلْتُمْ لِمَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ كَذَا ؟ لِمَ قَالَ كَذَا ؟ لَقَدْ قَرَءُوا مِنْهُ مَا قَرَأْتُمْ وَعَلِمُوا مِنْ تَأْوِيلِهِ مَا جَهِلْتُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ بِكِتَابٍ وَقَدَرٍ وَكُتِبَتِ الشَّقَاوَةُ وَمَا يُقْدَرْ يَكُنْ وَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَانَ وَمَا لَمْ يَشَأْ لَمْ يَكُنْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَا نَمْلِكُ لِأَنْفُسِنَا ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفْعًا ثُمَّ رَغِبُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَرَهِبُوا .

A man wrote to Umar bin Abdul-Aziz asking him about Divine decree. He wrote to him: To begin with, I enjoin upon you to fear Allah, to be moderate in (obeying) His Command, to follow the sunnah (practice) of His Prophet صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم and to abandon the novelties which the innovators introduced after his Sunnah has been established and they were saved from its trouble (i.e. novelty or innovation) ; so stick to Sunnah, for it is for you, if Allah chooses, a protection ; then you should know that any innovation which the people introduced was refuted long before it on the basis of some authority or there was some lesson in it, for the Sunnah was introduced by the people who were conscious of the error, slip, foolishness, and extremism in case of (the sunnah) was opposed. So accept for yourself what the people (in the past) had accepted for themselves, for they had complete knowledge of whatever they were informed, and by penetrating insight they forbade (to do prohibited acts); they had more strength (than us) to disclose the matters (of religion), and they were far better (than us) by virtue of their merits. If right guidance is what you are following, then you outstriped them to it. And if you say whatever the novelty occurred after them was introduced by those who followed the way other then theirs and disliked them. It is they who actually outstripped, and talked about it sufficiently, and gave a satisfactory explanation for it. Below them there is no place for exhaustiveness, and above them there is no place for elaborating things. Some people shortened the matter more than they had done, and thus they turned away (from them), and some people raised the matter more than they had done, and thus they exaggerated. They were on right guidance between that. You have written (to me) asking about confession of Divine decree, you have indeed approached a person who is well informed of it, with the will of Allah. I know what whatever novelty people have brought in, and whatever innovation people have introduced are not more manifest and more established than confession of Divine decree. The ignorant people (i. e. the Arabs before Islam) in pre-Islamic times have mentioned it ; they talked about it in their speeches and in their poetry. They would console themselves for what they lost, and Islam then strengthened it (i. e. belief in Divine decree). The Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم did not mention it in one or two traditions, but the Muslims heard it from him, and they talked of it from him, and they talked of it during his lifetime and after his death. They did so out of belief and submission to their Lord and thinking themselves weak. There is nothing which is not surrounded by His knowledge, and not counted by His register and not destined by His decree. Despite that, it has been strongly mentioned in His Book: from it they have derived it, and from it they have and so ? they also read in it what you read, and they knew its interpretation of which you are ignorant. After that they said: All this is by writing and decreeing. Distress has been written down, and what has been destined will occur ; what Allah wills will surely happen, and what He does not will will not happen. We have no power to harm or benefit ourselves. Then after that they showed interest (in good works) and were afraid (of bad deeds).

— Sufyan said

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو صَخْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ نَافِعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كَانَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ صَدِيقٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ يُكَاتِبُهُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَكَلَّمْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْقَدَرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَكْتُبَ إِلَيَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي أَقْوَامٌ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِالْقَدَرِ .

Ibn Umar رضی اللہ عنہما had a friend from the people of Syria who used to correspond with him. Abdullah bin Umar wrote to him: I have been informed that you have talked something about Divine decree. You should write it to me, for I heard the Messenger of Allah صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم say: Among my community there will be people who will falsify Divine decree.

— Nafi said

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قُلْتُ لِلْحَسَنِ:‏‏‏‏ يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ آدَمَ أَلِلسَّمَاءِ خُلِقَ أَمْ لِلْأَرْضِ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَا بَلْ لِلْأَرْضِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قُلْتُ:‏‏‏‏ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوِ اعْتَصَمَ فَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنْهُ بُدٌّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قُلْتُ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:‏‏‏‏ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَاتِنِينَ ‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏ إِلا مَنْ هُوَ صَالِ الْجَحِيمِ ‏‏‏‏ [ سورة الصافات آية 162-163]، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ لَا يَفْتِنُونَ بِضَلَالَتِهِمْ إِلَّا مَنْ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَحِيمَ .

I said to al-Hasan: Abu Saeed, tell me about Adam. Was he created for the heaven or the earth? He said: No, for the earth. I said: It was unavoidable for him. I said: Tell me about the following verse of the Quran: ”can lead (any) into temptation concerning Allah, except such as are (themselves) going to blazing fire. ” He said: The devils do not lead anyone astray by their temptation except the one whom Allah destined to go to Hell.

— Khalid al-Hadhdha said

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:‏‏‏‏ وَلِذَلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ [سورة هود آية 119]، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ خَلَقَ هَؤُلَاءِ لِهَذِهِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ لِهَذِهِ .

Al-Hasan about the Quranic verse: “And for this did He create them. ” He said: He created these for this and those for that.

— Khalid al-Hadhdha, asked

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قُلْتُ لِلْحَسَنِ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَاتِنِينَ ‏‏‏ ‏‏‏‏إِلا مَنْ هُوَ صَالِ الْجَحِيمِ ‏‏‏‏[ ‏‏‏‏ سورة الصافات آية 162-163]، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِلَّا مَنْ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ يَصْلَى الْجَحِيمَ .

Al-Hasan about the Quranic verse: “Can lead (any) into temptation concerning Allah, except such as are (themselves) going to the blazing fire. ” He said: Except the one whom Allah destined that he should go to Hell.

— Khalid al-Hadhdha asked

حَدَّثَنَا هِلَالُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدٌ:‏‏‏‏ كَانَ الْحَسَنُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ لَأَنْ يُسْقَطَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَقُولَ الْأَمْرُ بِيَدِي .

Al-Hasan used to say that his fall from the heaven on the earth is dearer to him than uttering: The matter is in my hand.

— Humaid said

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا الْحَسَنُ مَكَّةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَلَّمَنِي فُقَهَاءُ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَنْ أُكَلِّمَهُ فِي أَنْ يَجْلِسَ لَهُمْ يَوْمًا يَعِظُهُمْ فِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ نَعَمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَخَطَبَهُمْ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَخْطَبَ مِنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ:‏‏‏‏ يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ مَنْ خَلَقَ الشَّيْطَانَ ؟ فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ ! خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الشَّيْطَانَ وَخَلَقَ الْخَيْرَ وَخَلَقَ الشَّرَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ الرَّجُلُ:‏‏‏‏ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ كَيْفَ يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَى هَذَا الشَّيْخِ .

Al-Hasan came to us. The jurists of Makkah told me that I should speak to him that some day he should hold a meeting for them and preach to them. He said: Yes. So they gathered and he addressed them. I did not see anyone on orator greater than him. A man said: Abu Saeed, who created Satan? He replied: Glory be to Allah! Is there any creator other than Allah? Allah created Satan, and he created good and created evil. The man said: May Allah ruin them! How do they lie to this old man.

— Humaid said

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ كَذَلِكَ نَسْلُكُهُ فِي قُلُوبِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ سورة الحجر آية 12، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ الشِّرْكُ .

Al-Hasan about the verse: “Even so do We let it creep into the hearts of the sinners. ” He said: Polytheism

— Humaid al-Tawil asked

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ غَيْرِ ابْنِ كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ الصِّيدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلّ وَحِيلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ [سورة سبأ آية 54]، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْإِيمَانِ .

Explaining the Quranic verse; “And between them and their desire is placed a barrier. ” Al-Hasan said: Between them and their faith.

— Narrator Ubaid As-Sayd