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Chapter 47

Sahih Muslim — The Book of Destiny

Read the narrations, translations and available source grading.

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Introduction
كتاب مُقَدِّمَةٌ
1
The Book of Faith
كتاب الْإِيمَانِ
2
The Book of Purification
كتاب الطَّهَارَةِ
3
The Book of Menstruation
كتاب الْحَيْضِ
4
The Book of Prayers
كتاب الصَّلَاةِ
5
The Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer
كتاب الْمَسَاجِدِ وَمَوَاضِعِ الصَّلَاة
6
The Book of Prayer - Travellers
كتاب صَلَاةِ الْمُسَافِرِينَ وَقَصْرِهَا
7
The Book Of the Merit Of The Holy Quran
کتاب فَضَائِلِ الْقُرْآنِ وَمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِهِ
8
The Book of Prayer - Friday
كتاب الْجُمُعَةِ
9
The Book of Prayer - Two Eids
كتاب صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ
10
The Book of Prayer - Rain
كتاب صَلَاةِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ
11
The Book of Prayer - Eclipses
كتاب الْكُسُوفِ
12
The Book of Prayer - Funerals
كتاب الْجَنَائِزِ
13
The Book of Zakat
كتاب الزَّكَاةِ
14
The Book of Fasting
كتاب الصِّيَامِ
15
The Book of I'tikaaf
كتاب الِاعْتِكَافِ
16
The Book of Pilgrimage
كتاب الْحَجِّ
17
The Book of Marriage
كتاب النِّكَاحِ
18
The Book of Suckling
كتاب الرِّضَاعِ
19
The Book of Divorce
كتاب الطَّلَاقِ
20
The Book of Invoking Curses
كتاب اللِّعَانِ
21
The Book of Emancipating Slaves
كتاب الْعِتْقِ
22
The Book of Transactions
كتاب الْبُيُوعِ
23
The Book Of Musaqah
كتاب الْمُسَاقَاةِ
24
The Book Of The Rules Of Inheritance
كتاب الْفَرَائِضِ
25
The Book Of Gifts
كتاب الْهِبَاتِ
26
The Book Of Wills
كتاب الْوَصِيَّةِ
27
The Book Of Vows
كتاب النَّذْرِ
28
The Book Of Oaths
كتاب الْأَيْمَانِ
29
The Book of Oaths, Muharibin, Qasas (Retaliation), and Diyat (Blood Money)
كتاب الْقَسَامَةِ وَالْمُحَارِبِينَ وَالْقِصَاصِ وَالدِّيَاتِ
30
The Book Of Legal Punishments
كتاب الْحُدُودِ
31
The Book Of Judicial Decisions
كتاب الْأَقْضِيَةِ
32
The Book Of Lost Property
كتاب اللُّقَطَةِ
33
The Book Of Jihad And Expeditions
كتاب الْجِهَادِ وَالسِّيَرِ
34
The Book of Government
كتاب الْإِمَارَةِ
35
The Book of Hunting , Slaughter and what may be Eaten
كتاب الصَّيْدِ وَالذَّبَائِحِ وَمَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْ الْحَيَوَانِ
36
The Book of Sacrifices
كتاب الْأَضَاحِيِّ
37
The Book of Drink
كتاب الْأَشْرِبَةِ
38
The Book of Clothes and Adornment
كتاب اللِّبَاسِ وَالزِّينَةِ
39
The Book of Manners and Etiquette
كتاب الْآدَابِ
40
The Book of Greetings
كتاب السَّلَامِ
41
The Book Concerning the use of Correct Words
كتاب الْأَلْفَاظِ مِنْ الْأَدَبِ وَغَيْرِهَا
42
The Book of Poetry
كتاب الشِّعْرِ
43
The Book of Dreams
كتاب الرُّؤْيَا
44
The Book of Virtues
كتاب الْفَضَائِلِ
45
The Book of the Merits of the Companions
كتاب فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ
46
The Book of Virtue, Enjoining Good Manners, and Joining of the Ties of Kinship
كتاب الْبِرِّ وَالصِّلَةِ وَالْآدَابِ
47
The Book of Destiny
كتاب الْقَدَرِ
48
The Book of Knowledge
كتاب الْعِلْمِ
49
The Book Pertaining to the Remembrance of Allah, Supplication, Repentance and Seeking Forgiveness
كتاب الذِّكْرِ وَالدُّعَاءِ وَالتَّوْبَةِ وَالِاسْتِغْفَارِ
50
The Book of Repentance
كتاب التَّوْبَةِ
51
Characteristics of The Hypocrites And Rulings Concerning Them
كتاب صِفَاتِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَأَحْكَامِهِمْ
52
The Book of Paradise, its Description, its Bounties and its Inhabitants
كتاب الْجَنَّةِ وَصِفَةِ نَعِيمِهَا وَأَهْلِهَا
53
The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour
كتاب الْفِتَنِ وَأَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ
54
The Book of Zuhd and Softening of Hearts
كتاب الزُّهْدِ وَالرَّقَائِقِ
55
The Book of Commentary on the Qur'an
كتاب التَّفْسِيرِ

What is Sahih Muslim Chapter 47 about?

Read Sahih Muslim, Chapter 47: The Book of Destiny. This chapter contains 52 source records; you are reading page 2. Open a narration to see its permanent reference, available translations and source information.

Topics in the narrations on this page

  • Allah Directs Hearts As He Wills
  • Everything Is Decided And Decreed
  • The Son Of Adam's Share Of Zina Etc. Is Decreed For Him
  • The Meaning Of "Every Child Is Born In A State Of Fitrah" And The Ruling On The Dead Children Of The Disbelievers And Of The Muslims.
  • Lifespans, Provisions, Etc. Do Not Increase Or Decrease From What Has Already Been Decreed

Collection history and compiler biographySources and methodology

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَرْحٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ قَالَ وَعَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ.

I heard Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) as saying: Allah ordained the measures (of quality) of the creation fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth, as His Throne was upon water.

— Abdullah bin 'Amr bin al-'As رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُقْرِئُ حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ ح و حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ أَخْبَرَنَا نَافِعٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ يَزِيدَ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي هَانِئٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَذْكُرَا وَعَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ.

This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Hani with the same chain of transmitters, but there is no mention of His Throne was upon water.

حَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ الْمُقْرِئِ قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيَّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ قُلُوبَ بَنِي آدَمَ كُلَّهَا بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِ الرَّحْمَنِ كَقَلْبٍ وَاحِدٍ يُصَرِّفُهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اللَّهُمَّ مُصَرِّفَ الْقُلُوبِ صَرِّفْ قُلُوبَنَا عَلَى طَاعَتِكَ.

He heard Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ) as saying: Verily, the hearts of all the sons of Adam are between the two fingers out of the fingers of the Compassionate Lord as one heart. He turns that to any (direction) He likes. Then Allahs Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: O Allah, the Turner of the hearts, turn our hearts to Thine obedience.

— Abdullah bin Amr bin al-'As رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ح و حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ فِيمَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَدْرَكْتُ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُونَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ قَالَ وَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ بِقَدَرٍ حَتَّى الْعَجْزِ وَالْكَيْسِ أَوْ الْكَيْسِ وَالْعَجْزِ.

I found some Companions of Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) as saying: Everything is by measure. And he further said: I heard Abdullah bin 'Umar رضی اللہ عنہ as saying: There is a measure for everything-even for incapacity and-capability.

— Tawus reported

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ إِسْمَعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ جَاءَ مُشْرِكُو قُرَيْشٍ يُخَاصِمُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَنَزَلَتْ يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُوا مَسَّ سَقَرَ إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ.

The polytheists of the Quraish came to have an argument with Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) in regard to Destiny and then this verse was revealed: On the day when they are dragged into the Fire upon their faces, taste the touch of Fire. Surely, We have created everything according to a measure (liv. 48).

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِإِسْحَقَ قَالَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ مَا رَأَيْتُ شَيْئًا أَشْبَهَ بِاللَّمَمِ مِمَّا قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ حَظَّهُ مِنْ الزِّنَا أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ فَزِنَا الْعَيْنَيْنِ النَّظَرُ وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ وَالنَّفْسُ تَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ يُكَذِّبُهُ قَالَ عَبْدٌ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ.

Allah's Apostle ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) as saying: Verily Allah has fixed the very portion of adultery which a man will indulge in, and which he of necessity must commit. The adultery of the eye is the lustful look, and the adultery of the tongue is the licentious speech, the heart desires and yearns, which the parts may or may not put into effect.

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو هِشَامٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ حَدَّثَنَا سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ كُتِبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ نَصِيبُهُ مِنْ الزِّنَا مُدْرِكٌ ذَلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ فَالْعَيْنَانِ زِنَاهُمَا النَّظَرُ وَالْأُذُنَانِ زِنَاهُمَا الِاسْتِمَاعُ وَاللِّسَانُ زِنَاهُ الْكَلَامُ وَالْيَدُ زِنَاهَا الْبَطْشُ وَالرِّجْلُ زِنَاهَا الْخُطَا وَالْقَلْبُ يَهْوَى وَيَتَمَنَّى وَيُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ الْفَرْجُ وَيُكَذِّبُهُ.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) as saying. Allah fixed the very portion of adultery which a man will indulge in. There would be no escape from it. The adultery of the eye is the lustful look and the adultery of the ears is listening to voluptuous (song or talk) and the adultery of the tongue is licentious speech and the adultery of the hand is the lustful grip (embrace) and the adultery of the feet is to walk (to the place) where he intends to commit adultery and the heart yearns and desires which he may or may not put into effect.

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ عَنْ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ إِلَّا يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ وَيُمَجِّسَانِهِ كَمَا تُنْتَجُ الْبَهِيمَةُ بَهِيمَةً جَمْعَاءَ هَلْ تُحِسُّونَ فِيهَا مِنْ جَدْعَاءَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ الْآيَةَ.

He used to say the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There is no child who is not born in the state of Fitrah, then his parents make him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian, just as animals bring fourth animals with their limbs intact, do you see any deformed one among them?'" Then Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ عنہ said: "Recite, if you wish: Allah's Fitrah with which He has created He has created mankind. No change let there be in Khalqillah.

— It was narrated from Abu Hurairah رضی اللہ عنہ

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ح و حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَقَالَ كَمَا تُنْتَجُ الْبَهِيمَةُ بَهِيمَةً وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ جَمْعَاءَ.

"As animals bring fourth other animals" with their limbs intact."

— It was narrated from Zuhri with this chain of narrators (a Hadith similar to no. 6755) , and he said

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ إِلَّا يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اقْرَءُوا فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) as saying: No child is born but upon Fitra. He then said. Recite: The nature made by Allah in which He created man, there is no altering of Allah's nature; that is the right religion.

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ إِلَّا يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ وَيُشَرِّكَانِهِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) as saying: No babe is born but upon Fitra. It is his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Polytheist. A person said: Allah's Messenger, what is your opinion if they were to die before that (before reaching the age of adolescence when they can distinguish between right and wrong)? He said: It is Allah alone Who knows what they would be doing.

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ح و حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ مَا مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ إِلَّا وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِلَّةِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَّا عَلَى هَذِهِ الْمِلَّةِ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ لَيْسَ مِنْ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ إِلَّا عَلَى هَذِهِ الْفِطْرَةِ حَتَّى يُعَبِّرَ عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ.

Every new-born babe is born on the millat (of Islam and he) remains on this until his tongue is enabled to express himself. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Mu'awiya through another chain of transmitters (and the words are): Every child is born but on this Fitra so long as he does not express himself with his tongue.

— It was narrated from Al-A'mash with this chain of narrators (a Hadith similar to no. 6758). In the Hadith of Ibn Numair it says

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ يُولَدُ يُولَدُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْفِطْرَةِ فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ كَمَا تَنْتِجُونَ الْإِبِلَ فَهَلْ تَجِدُونَ فِيهَا جَدْعَاءَ حَتَّى تَكُونُوا أَنْتُمْ تَجْدَعُونَهَا قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ يَمُوتُ صَغِيرًا قَالَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ.

Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) many a hadith and one amongst them is that he is reported to have said: An infant is born according to his (true) nature. It is his parents Who make him a Jew, a Christian, just as a she-camel gives birth to its young ones. Do you find any deficiency in their limbs? You cut their ears (i.e. after birth). They (the Companions of the Holy Prophet) said: What is your opinion about him who dies in infancy? Thereupon Allah's Apostle ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: It is Allah alone Who knows best what they would be doing.

— It was narrated that Hammam bin Munnabbih said

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ يَعْنِي الدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ عَنْ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ تَلِدُهُ أُمُّهُ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ وَأَبَوَاهُ بَعْدُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ وَيُمَجِّسَانِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ فَمُسْلِمٌ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ تَلِدُهُ أُمُّهُ يَلْكُزُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي حِضْنَيْهِ إِلَّا مَرْيَمَ وَابْنَهَا.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) as saying: The mother of every person gives him birth according to his true nature. It is subsequently his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian. Had his parents been Muslim he would have also remained a Muslim. Every person to whom his mother gives birth (has two aspects of his life) ; when his mother gives birth Satan strikes him but it was not the case with Mary and her son (Jesus Christ).

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ وَيُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْ أَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) was asked about the children of the polytheists, whereupon he said: It is Allah Who knows best what they would be doing.

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ح و حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ بِهْرَامَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ ح و حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْقِلٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِ يُونُسَ وَابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِهِمَا غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبٍ وَمَعْقِلٍ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَرَارِيِّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.

A similar hadith (as no. 6762) was narrated from Az-Zuhri with the chain of narrators of Yunus and Ibn Abi Dhi'b, except that in the Hadith of of Shu'aib nd Mu'qil it says: "He was asked about the offspring of the idolaters."

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ أَطْفَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَنْ يَمُوتُ مِنْهُمْ صَغِيرًا فَقَالَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was asked about the children of the polytheists who die young. Thereupon Allah's Apostle ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: It is Allah Who knows what they would be doing.

— Abu Huraira رضی اللہ عنہ reported

و حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ أَطْفَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ إِذْ خَلَقَهُمْ.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) was asked about the children of the polytheists, whereupon he said: It is Allah alone Who knows what they would be doing according to their creation.

— Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ قَعْنَبٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ رَقَبَةَ بْنِ مَسْقَلَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَقَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ الْخَضِرُ طُبِعَ كَافِرًا وَلَوْ عَاشَ لَأَرْهَقَ أَبَوَيْهِ طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: The young man whom Khadir killed was a non-believer by his very nature and had he survived he would have involved his parents in defiance and unbelief.

— Ubayy bin Ka'b رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتْ تُوُفِّيَ صَبِيٌّ فَقُلْتُ طُوبَى لَهُ عُصْفُورٌ مِنْ عَصَافِيرِ الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوَ لَا تَدْرِينَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْجَنَّةَ وَخَلَقَ النَّارَ فَخَلَقَ لِهَذِهِ أَهْلًا وَلِهَذِهِ أَهْلًا.

A child died and I said: There is happiness for this child who is a bird from amongst the birds of Paradise. Thereupon Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: Don't you know that Allah created the Paradise and He created the Hell and He created the dwellers for this (Paradise) and the denizens for this (Hell)?

— A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا the mother of the believers, reported

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَتْ دُعِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى جَنَازَةِ صَبِيٍّ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ طُوبَى لِهَذَا عُصْفُورٌ مِنْ عَصَافِيرِ الْجَنَّةِ لَمْ يَعْمَلْ السُّوءَ وَلَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ قَالَ أَوَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ لِلْجَنَّةِ أَهْلًا خَلَقَهُمْ لَهَا وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ وَخَلَقَ لِلنَّارِ أَهْلًا خَلَقَهُمْ لَهَا وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ.

Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌) was called to lead the funeral prayer of a child of the Ansar. I said: Allah's Messenger, there is happiness for this child who is a bird from the birds of Paradise for it committed no sin nor has he reached the age when one can commit sin. He said: 'A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا per adventure, it may be otherwise, because God created for Paradise those who are fit for it while they were yet in their father's loins and created for Hell those who are to go to Hell. He created them for Hell while they were yet in their father's loins.

— A'isha رضی اللہ عنہا the mother of the believers, said

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّاءَ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ح و حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ ح و حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بِإِسْنَادِ وَكِيعٍ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِهِ.

A similar Hadith (as no. 6768) was narrated from Talha bin Yahya with this chain of Waki'.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ عَنْ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ عَنْ الْمَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ زَوْجُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اللَّهُمَّ أَمْتِعْنِي بِزَوْجِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبِأَبِي أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَبِأَخِي مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ سَأَلْتِ اللَّهَ لِآجَالٍ مَضْرُوبَةٍ وَأَيَّامٍ مَعْدُودَةٍ وَأَرْزَاقٍ مَقْسُومَةٍ لَنْ يُعَجِّلَ شَيْئًا قَبْلَ حِلِّهِ أَوْ يُؤَخِّرَ شَيْئًا عَنْ حِلِّهِ وَلَوْ كُنْتِ سَأَلْتِ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعِيذَكِ مِنْ عَذَابٍ فِي النَّارِ أَوْ عَذَابٍ فِي الْقَبْرِ كَانَ خَيْرًا وَأَفْضَلَ قَالَ وَذُكِرَتْ عِنْدَهُ الْقِرَدَةُ قَالَ مِسْعَرٌ وَأُرَاهُ قَالَ وَالْخَنَازِيرُ مِنْ مَسْخٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِمَسْخٍ نَسْلًا وَلَا عَقِبًا وَقَدْ كَانَتْ الْقِرَدَةُ وَالْخَنَازِيرُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.

Umm Habiba رضی اللہ عنہا , the wife of Allah's Apostle ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ), said: O Allah, enable me to derive benefit from my husband, the Messenger of Allah ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ), and from my father Abu Sufyan رضی اللہ عنہ and from my brother Mu'awiya رضی اللہ عنہ . Allah's Apostle ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: You have asked from Allah about durations of life already set, and the length of days already allotted and the sustenances the share of which has been fixed. Allah would not do anything earlier before its due time, or He would not delay anything beyond its due time. And if you were to ask Allah to provide you refuge from the torment of the HellFire, or from the torment of the grave, it would have good in store for you and better for you also. He (the narrator) further said: Mention was made before him about monkeys, and Mis'ar (one of the narrators) said: I think that (the narrator) also (made a mention) of the swine, which had suffered metamorphosis. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Verily, Allah did not cause the race of those which suffered metamorphosis to grow or they were not survived by young ones. Monkeys and swine had been in existence even before (the metamorphosis of the human beings).

— Abdullah رضی اللہ عنہ reported

حَدَّثَنَاه أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ بِشْرٍ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ ابْنِ بِشْرٍ وَوَكِيعٍ جَمِيعًا مِنْ عَذَابٍ فِي النَّارِ وَعَذَابٍ فِي الْقَبْرِ.

From punishment in the fire and from punishment in the grave.

— It was narrated from both Ibn Bishr and Waki'

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ وَحَجَّاجُ بْنُ الشَّاعِرِ وَاللَّفْظُ لِحَجَّاجٍ قَالَ إِسْحَقُ أَخْبَرَنَا و قَالَ حَجَّاجٌ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ عَنْ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ عَنْ مَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ قَالَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ اللَّهُمَّ مَتِّعْنِي بِزَوْجِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبِأَبِي أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَبِأَخِي مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّكِ سَأَلْتِ اللَّهَ لِآجَالٍ مَضْرُوبَةٍ وَآثَارٍ مَوْطُوءَةٍ وَأَرْزَاقٍ مَقْسُومَةٍ لَا يُعَجِّلُ شَيْئًا مِنْهَا قَبْلَ حِلِّهِ وَلَا يُؤَخِّرُ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا بَعْدَ حِلِّهِ وَلَوْ سَأَلْتِ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعَافِيَكِ مِنْ عَذَابٍ فِي النَّارِ وَعَذَابٍ فِي الْقَبْرِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَكِ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْقِرَدَةُ وَالْخَنَازِيرُ هِيَ مِمَّا مُسِخَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ يُهْلِكْ قَوْمًا أَوْ يُعَذِّبْ قَوْمًا فَيَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ نَسْلًا وَإِنَّ الْقِرَدَةَ وَالْخَنَازِيرَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.

Umm Habiba رضی اللہ عنہا said: O Allah, enable me to derive benefit from my husband, Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ), and from my father Abu Sufyan, and from my brother Mu'awiya. Allah's Messenger ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said to her: Verily, you have asked Allah about the durations of life already set, and the steps which you would take, and the sustenances the share of which is fixed. Nothing would take place earlier than its due time, and nothing would be deferred beyond that when it is due. So, if you were to ask Allah about your safety from the torment of Hell-Fire and from the torment of the grave, it would have been better for you. A person said: Allah's Messenger, what about those apes and swine which suffered metamorphosis? Thereupon Allah's Apostle ( ‌صلی ‌اللہ ‌علیہ ‌وسلم ‌ ) said: Verily, Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, did not destroy a people or did not torment a people, and let their race grow. Apes and swine had been even before that (when the deniers of truth were tormented and suffered metamorphosis).

— Ibn Mas'dd رضی اللہ عنہ reported